| adalimumab (Humira) | 復邁 |
| ALI | acute lung Injury | 急性肺損傷 |
| alveolar pneumonia | 肺泡性肺炎 |
| aminoglycosides | 胺基醣苷類抗生素 |
| ANC | absolute neutrophil count | 嗜中性白血球細胞數目 |
| anthrax | 炭疽病 |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome | 急性呼吸窘迫症候群 |
| APIC | advisory board on immunization practices | 台灣衛生福利部傳染病防治諮詢委員會預防接種組 |
| ART | antiretroviral therapy | 抗反轉錄病毒藥物治療 |
| ATS | American Thoracic Society | 美國胸腔醫學會 |
| A. baumanii | Acinetobacter baumanii | 鮑氏不動桿菌 |
| A. flavus | Aspergillus flavus | 黃麴菌 |
| A. fumigatus | Aspergillus fumigatus | 薰煙麴菌 |
| A. nidulans | Aspergillus nidulans | 小巢狀麴菌 |
| A. niger | Aspergillus niger | 黑麴菌 |
| A. terreus | Aspergillus terreus | 土麴菌 |
| A. ustus | Aspergillus ustus | 曲麴菌 |
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage | 支氣管肺泡灌洗 |
| BALF | bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | 支氣管肺泡灌洗液 |
| BL | β-lactam | β-內醯胺類抗生素 |
| BL-FQ | β-lactam with fluoroquinolone | β-內醯胺類抗生素合併 氟諾酮類抗生素喹 |
| BL-M | β-lactam with macrolide | β-內醯胺類抗生素合併 巨環內酯類抗生素 |
| BMI | body mass index | 身體質量指數 |
| bronchial aspirate | 支氣管抽取液 |
| BOOP | bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia | 阻塞性細支氣管炎合併器質化肺炎 |
| B. anthracis | Bacillus anthracis | 炭疽桿菌 |
| B. holmesii | Bordetella holmesii | 博德氏菌 |
| B. pertussis | Bordetella pertussis | 百日咳博德氏菌 |
| B. cepacia | Burkholderia cepacia | 洋蔥柏克氏菌 |
| B. pseudomallei | Burkholderia pseudomallei | 類鼻疽伯克氏菌 |
| C. albicans | Candida albicans | 白色念珠菌 |
| C. canimorsus | Capnocytophaga canimorsus | 犬咬二氧化碳嗜纖維菌 |
| CAP | community-acquired pneumonia | 社區型肺炎 |
| carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. | 碳青黴烯類抗藥不動桿菌 |
| CA-MRSA | community-acquired methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 社區型抗甲氧苯青黴素金黃色葡萄球菌 |
| CAPiTA | Community-acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults | 社區型肺炎成人疫苗施打臨床試驗 |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | 疾病管制署 |
| CFU | colony forming unit | 菌落形成單位 |
| CI | confidence interval | 信賴區間 |
| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes | 臨床與實驗室標準協會 |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus | 巨大細胞病毒 |
| Coccioides | 球黴菌屬 |
| colistin | 粘杆菌素 |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 慢性阻塞性肺病 |
| CPIS | clinical pulmonary infection score | 臨床肺部感染指數 |
| CRE | carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae | 碳青黴烯類抗藥腸內菌屬 |
| CR E. coli | carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli | 碳青黴烯類抗藥 大腸桿菌氏菌 |
| CRKP | carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae | 碳青黴烯類抗藥 肺炎克雷白氏菌 |
| certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) | 欣膝亞 |
| CRP | C-reactive protein | C-反應蛋白 |
| CURB-65 | confusion、urea、respiratory rate、blood pressure、age ≧ 65 | 肺炎嚴重度指數 |
| CXR | chest X ray | 胸部X光 |
| cholecystitis | 膽囊炎 |
| CrCl | creatinine clearance | 肌酸酐清除率 |
| C. pneumophila | Chlamydophila pneumoniae | 肺炎披衣菌 |
| C. psittaci | Chlamydophila psittaci | 鸚鵡熱披衣菌 |
| C. inodologenes | Chryseobacterium indologenes | 產吲哚金黃桿菌 |
| C. burnetti | Coxiella burnetti | 貝氏考克斯菌 |
| cryptococcosis | 隱球菌感染 |
| cryptococcal antigen | 隱球菌抗原檢驗 |
| C. gattii | Cryptococcus gattii | 格特隱球菌 |
| C. neoformans | Cryptococcus neoformans | 新型隱球菌 |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressure | 舒張血壓 |
| DFA | direct fluorescent antibody | 直接螢光抗體 |
| DS | double strength | 雙倍劑量 |
| EBUS | endobronchial ultrasound | 支氣管內超音波 |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus | EB病毒 |
| EIA | enzyme immunoassay | 酵素免疫分析 |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | 酵素免疫分析法 |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 葉克膜 (體外循環維生系統) |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 腸道菌屬 |
| empyema thoracis | 膿胸 |
| endocarditis | 心內膜炎 |
| EPIC study | Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community study | 美國疾病管制局的社區型肺炎病源分析研究 |
| ESBL | extended-spectrum β-lactamase | 廣效性內醯胺分解酶 |
| ESCMID | European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases | 歐洲臨床微生物及感染症醫學會 |
| etanercept (Enbrel) | 恩博 |
| E. meningoseptica | Elizabethkingia meningoseptica | 腦膜敗血伊莉莎白菌 |
| E. cloace | Enterobacter cloacae | 陰溝腸桿菌 |
| E. coli | Escherichia coli | 大腸桿菌 |
| FQ | fluoroquinolones | 氟喹諾酮類抗生素 |
| FDA | food and drug administration | 食品藥物管理局 |
| F. tularemia | Francisella tularemia | 土倫法蘭西斯桿菌 |
| G6PD deficiency | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | 蠶豆症 |
| golimumab (Simponi) | 欣普尼 |
| G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor | 顆粒性白血球聚落刺激因子 |
| GM | galactomannan | 半乳甘露聚醣 |
| GVHD | graft versus host disease | 移植物對抗宿主疾病 |
| HAI | health-care associated infection | 醫療照護相關性感染 |
| HAP | hospital acquired pneumonia | 院內型肺炎 |
| Histoplasma | 莢膜組織漿菌 |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | 人類免疫缺乏病毒 |
| HSCT | hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | 血液幹細胞移植 |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus | 單純皰疹病毒 |
| H. influenzae | Haemophilus influenzae | 流感嗜血桿菌 |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease | 發炎性腸道疾病 |
| ICU | intensive care unit | 加護病房 |
| IDSA | Infectious Diseases Society of America | 美國感染症醫學會 |
| IF | immunofluorescence | 免疫螢光法 |
| IFA | indirect immunofluorescent staining | 間接螢光染色 |
| IHA | indirect hemagglutination assay | 間接血球凝集法 |
| IGRA | interferon-γ release assay | 丙型干擾素釋放檢驗 |
| IL-12 | interleukin-12 | 白血球介素-12 |
| interstitial pneumonia | 間質性肺炎 |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M | 免疫球蛋白-M |
| INF-γ | interferon-gamma | 丙型干擾素 |
| IPD | invasive pneumococcal disease | 侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌感染症 |
| IVAC | infection-related ventilator- associated condition | 呼吸器相關感染合併症 |
| IVIG | intravenous immunoglobulin | 靜注型免疫球蛋白 |
| KPC | Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase | 克雷伯氏菌碳青黴烯酶 |
| K. oxytoca | Klebsiella oxytoca | 產酸克雷伯氏菌 |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase | 乳酸脫氫酶 |
| L. pneumophila | Legionella pneumophila | 嗜肺性退伍軍人桿菌 |
| MAC | Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex | 鳥及細胞內型分枝桿菌 |
| macrolide | 巨環內酯 |
| MDR | multidrug-resistant | 多重抗藥性 |
| MDRAB | multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii | 多重抗藥性鮑氏不動桿菌 |
| MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome | 中東冠狀病毒呼吸症候 |
| MIC | minimum inhibition concentration | 最低抑菌濃度 |
| mL | milliliter | 毫升 |
| mold | 霉菌 |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 抗甲氧苯青黴素金黃色葡萄球菌 |
| MSSA | methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus | 抗甲氧苯青黴素敏感金黃色葡萄球菌 |
| M. catarrhalis | Moraxella catarrhalis | 卡他莫拉菌 |
| M. kansasii | Mycobacterium kansasii | 堪薩斯分枝桿菌 |
| M. tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 結核分枝桿菌 |
| Mycoplasma | 黴漿菌 |
| NAAT | nucleic acid amplification test | 核酸增幅檢驗 |
| nasal aspirate | 鼻抽取液 |
| nasopharyngeal swab | 鼻咽拭子 |
| NDM | New Delhi metallo- β-lactamase | 新德里金屬-β- 內醯胺酶 |
| NIPPV | non-invasive positive pressure ventilation | 非侵襲性正壓通氣 |
| NNIS | National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance | (美國) 全國院內感染監測 |
| Nocardia | 奴卡氏菌 |
| NPV | negative predictive value | 陰性預測能力 |
| NTM | nontuberculous mycobacteria | 非結核分枝桿菌 |
| OR | odds ratio | 勝算比 |
| patchy pulmonary infiltrates | 片狀肺侵潤 |
| PCP | Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia | 肺囊蟲肺炎 |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction | 聚合酶連鎖反應 |
| PCT | procalcitonin | 前降鈣素 |
| PCV13 | pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 valent | 13價肺炎鏈球菌結合型疫苗 |
| PICU | pediatric intensive care unit | 兒童加護病房 |
| plague | 鼠疫 |
| post hoc analysis | 事後比較分析 |
| PPI | proton pump inhibitors | 氫離子幫浦阻斷劑 |
| PPV | positive predictive value | 陽性預測能力 |
| PPV23 | pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 valent | 23價肺炎球菌多醣疫苗 |
| pro-ADM | proadrenomedullin | 前腎上腺髓質素 |
| PSB | protected specimen brush or protected sheath brush | 保護性檢體刷拭術 |
| PSI | pneumonia severity index | 肺炎嚴重度指數 |
| P. marneffei | Penicillium marneffei | 馬氏青黴菌 |
| rapid antigen test | 快速抗原檢測 |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial | 隨機分派臨床試驗 |
| RT-PCR | real-time polymerase chain reaction | 即時聚合酶鏈鎖反應 |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome | 冠狀病毒引起之嚴重急性呼吸道症侯群 |
| SBP | systolic blood pressure | 縮收血壓 |
| SDD | selective digestive tract decontamination | 選擇性消化道減菌 |
| SOD | selective oral decontamination | 選擇性口腔減菌 |
| solid organ transplantation | 實質器官移植 |
| SS | single strength | 單倍劑量 |
| sTREM-1 | soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells | 可溶性髓樣細胞誘導受體第一型 |
| S. marcescens | Serratia marcescens | 粘質沙雷氏菌 |
| S. maltophila | Stenotrophomonas maltophila | 嗜麥芽窄食單胞菌 |
| S. pneumoniae | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 肺炎鏈球菌 |
| systematic review | 系統性文獻回顧 |
| teicoplanin | 壁黴素 |
| tetracycline | 四環黴素 |
| TMP-SMX | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | |
| TNIS | Taiwan Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System | 台灣院內感染監視資訊系統 |
| TNF-α | throat swab | 喉拭子 |
| TNF-αblocker | tumor necrosis factor-alpha | 腫瘤壞死因子 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker | 腫瘤壞死因子阻斷劑 |
| toxoplasmosis | 弓形蟲感染症 |
| TPIDA | Taiwan Pediatric Infectious Diseases Consortium | 台灣小兒感染症臨床試驗合作聯盟 |
| VAC | ventilator-associated condition | 呼吸器相關疾病 |
| VAE | ventilator-associated event | 呼吸器相關事件 |
| vancomycin | 萬古黴素 |
| VAP | ventilator-associated pneumonia | 呼吸器相關肺炎 |
| VAT | ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis | 呼吸器相關氣管支氣管炎 |
| viral culture | 病毒培養 |
| VZV | Varicella zoster virus | 水痘帶狀皰疹病毒 |
| Wegener’s granulomatosis | 韋格納肉芽腫 |
| WHO | World health organization | 世界衛生組織 |
| XDRAB | extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii | 廣泛抗藥性鮑氏不動桿菌 |
| yeast | 酵母菌 |
| Y. pestis | Yersinia pestis | 鼠疫桿菌 |
| zygomycoses | 接合黴菌感染症 |